Anna Maria Smulders, As of September 2021, Anna is a PhD Candidate with the Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies at Leiden University, the Netherlands. Her doctoral research on ‘International Law and the Challenge of Disinformation’ focusses on the applicability of norms of international law to modern-day disinformation as part of the broader regulatory debate. She obtained her LL.B. and LL.M. in Public International Law at Leiden University and has completed various parts of her degrees at universities abroad.